A long power transmission cable is buried at a depth (ground-to-cable-centerline distance) of 2 m. The cable is encased in a thin-walled pipe of 0.1-m diameter, and, to render the cable superconducting (with essentially zero power dissipation), the space between the cable and pipe is filled with liquid nitrogen at 77 K. If the pipe is covered with a super insulator (ki = 0.005 W/mK) of 0.05-m thickness and the surface of the earth (kg = 1.2 W/mK) is at 300 K, what is the cooling load (W/m) that must be maintained by a cryogenic refrigerator per unit pipe length?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

[tex]q=9.9w/m[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Ground-to-cable-center line Distance [tex]d_g=2m[/tex]

Diameter of Cable case [tex]d=0.1m[/tex]

Temperature of Nitrogen [tex]T_n=77K[/tex]

Insulator [tex]ki = 0.005 W/mK[/tex]

Thickness [tex]t=0.05[/tex]

Mass [tex]kg = 1.2 W/mK[/tex]

Temperature of earth surface [tex]T_e=300K[/tex]

Generally the equation for Heat rate per unit length is mathematically given by

 [tex]q=\frac{T_g-T_n}{R_g+R_e}[/tex]

Where

 [tex]R_g=[kg(\frac{2\pi}{(in4d_g/d_x)}]^{_1}[/tex]

 [tex]R_g=[(1.2)(\frac{2\pi}{(in4(2)/0.2)}]^{-1}[/tex]

 [tex]R_g=0.489[/tex]

And

 [tex]R_e=\frac{In(\frac{D_0}{D_1})}{2\pi ki}[/tex]

 [tex]R_e=\frac{In(2)}{2*3.142 0.005}[/tex]

 [tex]R_e=22.1[/tex]

Therefore

 [tex]q=\frac{223}{0.489+22.064}[/tex]

 [tex]q=9.9w/m[/tex]


Related Questions

A steel plate of width 120mm and thickness of 20mm is bent into a circular arc radius of 10. You are required to calculate the maximum stress induced and the bending moment which will give the maximum stress. You are given that E=2*10^5​

Answers

Answer:

Hence the magnitude of the pure moment m will be [tex]2\times 10^5.[/tex]

Explanation:

 Width of steel fleet = 120 mm   The thickness of steel fleet = 10 mm   Let the circle of radius = 10 m  

Now,

We know that,

[tex]\frac{M}{I} = \frac{E}{R}[/tex]

Thus, [tex]M =\frac{EI}{R}[/tex]

Here

R = 10000 mm  

[tex]I=\frac{1}{12}\times 120\times 10^{3}\\= 10^{4} mm^{4}[/tex]

[tex]E=2\times 10^{5}n/mm^{2}\\\\E=2\times 10^{5}n/mm^{2}\\\\M={(2\times 10^{5}\times 10^{4})/{10000}}\\\\M=2\times 10^{5}[/tex]

 

Hence, the magnitude of the pure moment m will be [tex]2\times 10^5.[/tex]

Conditions of special concern: i. Suggest two reasons each why distillation columns are run a.) above or b.) below ambient pressure. Be sure to state clearly which explanation is for above and which is for below ambient pressure. ii. Suggest two reasons each why reactors are run at a.) elevated pressures and/or b.) elevated temperatures. Be sure to state clearly which explanation is for elevated pressure and which is for elevated temperature

Answers

Solution :

Methods for selling pressure of a distillation column :

a). Set, [tex]\text{based on the pressure required to condensed}[/tex] the overhead stream using cooling water.

  (minimum of approximate 45°C condenser temperature)

b). Set, [tex]\text{based on highest temperature}[/tex] of bottom product that avoids decomposition or reaction.

c). Set, [tex]\text{based on available highest }[/tex] not utility for reboiler.

Running the distillation column above the ambient pressure because :

The components to be distilled have very high vapor pressures and the temperature at which they can be condensed at or below the ambient pressure.

Run the reactor at an evaluated temperature because :

a). The rate of reaction is taster. This results in a small reactor or high phase conversion.

b). The reaction is endothermic and equilibrium limited increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right.

Run the reaction at an evaluated pressure because :

The reaction is gas phase and the concentration and hence the rate is increased as the pressure is increased. This results in a smaller reactor and /or higher reactor conversion.

The reaction is equilibrium limited and there are few products moles than react moles. As increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium to the right.

Một doanh nghiệp có tư bản đầu tư là 600,000 usd, cấu tạo hữu cơ tư bản 3/1. Xác định tiền công trả cho người lao động

Answers

Answer:

450.000 USD

Explanation:

Đây,

Cấu trúc hữu cơ 3/1 có nghĩa là ¾ một phần vốn được chuyển vào chi phí cố định và ¼ một phần đi vào chi phí biến đổi.

Tiền lương của người lao động là chi phí cố định và do đó, mức lương

= ¾ * 600.000 USD

= 450.000 USD

Determine (a) the principal stresses and (b) the maximum in-plane shear stress and average normal stress at the point. Specify the orientation of the element in each case. 60 45 30

Answers

Answer:

a) 53 MPa,  14.87 degree

b) 60.5 MPa  

Average shear = -7.5 MPa

Explanation:

Given

A = 45

B = -60

C = 30

a) stress P1 = (A+B)/2 + Sqrt ({(A-B)/2}^2 + C)

Substituting the given values, we get -

P1 = (45-60)/2 + Sqrt ({(45-(-60))/2}^2 + 30)

P1 = 53 MPa

Likewise P2 = (A+B)/2 - Sqrt ({(A-B)/2}^2 + C)

Substituting the given values, we get -

P1 = (45-60)/2 - Sqrt ({(45-(-60))/2}^2 + 30)

P1 = -68 MPa

Tan 2a = C/{(A-B)/2}

Tan 2a = 30/(45+60)/2

a = 14.87 degree

Principal stress

p1 = (45+60)/2 + (45-60)/2 cos 2a + 30 sin2a = 53 MPa

b) Shear stress in plane

Sqrt ({(45-(-60))/2}^2 + 30) = 60.5 MPa

Average = (45-(-60))/2 = -7.5 MPa

Compute the first four central moments for the following data:
i xi
1 45
2 22
3 53
4 84
5 65

Answers

Answer:

Compute the first four central moments for the following data:

i xi

1 45

2 22

3 53

4 84Explanation:

7. The binary addition 1 + 1 + 1 gives ​

Answers

11 [2-bit]

011 [3-bit]

0011 [4-bit]

________

1 + 1 + 1 = 3

________

3 = 2 + 1

2¹ 2⁰

3 = (.. × 0) + (2¹ × 1) + (2⁰ × 1)

3 = ..011

Since 2³, 2⁴, 2⁵, .. are not used, they are represented as 0.

[ 2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰ ]

[ 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 ]

1+1+1=3 should be the answer right?

Consider the same piping system. this time, the same pipe is buried underground. assuming that there is a constant heat flux of 100w/m^2 from the outer surfance of the pipe to the soil determine the exit temperature of the water.
a. 129.1
b. 111.1
c. 82.1
d. 68.1

Answers

Complete Question

Complete Question is attached below

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

inner Diameter of pipe [tex]d_i=100^c[/tex]

Thickness [tex]t=50mm[/tex]

Outer diameter of pipe [tex]d_o=1.1m[/tex]

Length [tex]l=5m[/tex]

Temperature [tex]T_i=130^oC[/tex]

Generally the equation for Heat Balance is mathematically given by

[tex]q*\pi d_oL=mC_p(T_i-T_o)[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]T_o=T_i+\frac{q*\pi d_oL}{mC_p}[/tex]

[tex]T_o=130+\frac{100*3.142 *1.1*5}{0.5*4000}[/tex]

[tex]T_o=129.136^oC[/tex]

Therefore the exit temperature of the water.is [tex]T_o=129.136^oC[/tex]

Option A

tyuuyiopopiouyttrrtrffrlkl,k;;';'l.l

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

do you have any other questions besides "tyuuyiopopiouyttrrtrffrlkl,k;;';'l.l"

:)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

Answers

Ummmmmmmm that’s a hard one

The following true stresses produce the corresponding true plastic strains for a brass alloy: True Stress (psi) True Strain 49300 0.11 61300 0.21 What true stress is necessary to produce a true plastic strain of 0.25

Answers

Answer:

64640.92 psi

Explanation:

True stress ( psi )       True strain

49300                          0.11

61300                           0.21

Determine the true stress necessary to produce a true plastic strain of 0.25

бT1 = 49300

бT2 = 61300

бT3 = ?

∈T1 = 0.11

∈T2 = 0.21

∈T3  = 0.25

note : бTi = k ∈Ti^h

∴ 49300 = k ( 0.11 )^h ----- ( 1 )

   61300 = k ( 0.21)^h ------ ( 2 )

solving equations 1 and 2 simultaneously

49300/61300 = ( 0.11 / 0.21 )^h

0.804 = (0.52 )^h

next step : apply logarithm

log  ( 0.804 ) = log(0.52)^h

h = log 0.804 /  log (0.52)

  =  0.33

back to equation 1

49300 = k ( 0.11 )^0.33

k = 49300 / (0.11)^0.33

 = 102138

therefore бT3 = K (0.25)^h

                        = 102138 ( 0.25 )^ 0.33  

                         = 64640.92

A centrifugal pump is used to extract water from a reservoir at 14,000 gal/min. The pipe connecting the pump inlet to the reservoir is 12 inches in diameterand is 65 ft long. The average friction factor in this pipe is 0.018. The pump performance curves indicate that, at this flow rate, the head rise across the pump is 320 ft, the efficiency is 81% and the required NPSH is 25 ft. Please estimate:

Answers

This question is incomplete, the complete question is;

A centrifugal pump is used to extract water from a reservoir at 14,000 gal/min. The pipe connecting the pump inlet to the reservoir is 12 inches in diameter and is 65 ft long.

The average friction factor in this pipe is 0.018. The pump performance curves indicate that, at this flow rate, the head rise across the pump is 320 ft, the efficiency is 81% and the required NPSH is 25 ft.

Please estimate: The required brake horsepower.

Answer:

The required brake horsepower is 1400.08

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Power required to drive the pump can be determined using the formula;

P = r[tex]_w[/tex]QH / η₀(0.745)

given that; centrifugal pump is used to extract water from a reservoir at 14,000 gal/min.

Q = 14,000 gal/min = ( 14,000 × 0.00006309 )m³/sec = 0.883 m³/sec

the head rise across the pump is 320 ft,

H = 320 ft = ( 320 × 0.3048 )m = 97.536 m

the efficiency η₀ = 81% = 0.81

r[tex]_w[/tex] = 9.81 kN/m³

so we substitute our values into the formula

P = [ 9.81 × 0.883 × 97.536 ] / 0.81(0.745)

P = 844.87926528 / 0.60345

P = 1400.08 HP

Therefore, The required brake horsepower is 1400.08

When you double the velocity, you _____ the kinetic energy.

Answers

Answer:

you quadruple the kinetic energy

Is it permissible to install recessed fixture directly against wood ceiling joists? Explain why or why not.

Answers

Answer:

No

Explanation:

It is not permissible to install recessed fixture directly against wood ceiling joists when the label on the fixture does not indicate that it can be used for Insulation in contact with the recessed fixture .

Because The trim finishing and points of support of openings in finished surfaces are not allowed to be in contact with the combustible materials

Why do you have to know each testing tools?​

Answers

Answer:

YAH A BLINK

Explanation:

If u are asking about softwares

then,

Software testing tools are often used to assure firmness, thoroughness and performance in testing software products.

[tex]#Liliflim[/tex]

since every tool is important, it is also important that we know and learn how to use it for the coming of the day so we can fix the things that are broken to us.

technician A says that incandescent bulbs resist vibration well. Technician B says that HID headlamps require up to approximately 25,000 volts to start. Who is correct

Answers

Answer:

Both a and b.

Explanation:

HID headlamps require high voltage ignition to start just like street lamps. It requires almost 25,000 volts to start HID head lamps but require only 80 to 90 volts to keep it operating.

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