Olinick Corporation is considering a project that would require an investment of $343,000 and would last for 8 years. The incremental cash inflows of the project per year at $107,000. The scrap value of the project's assets at the end of the project would be $23,000. The cash inflows occur evenly throughout the year. The payback period of the project is closest to:

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

3.2 years

Explanation:

Calculation to determine what The payback period of the project is closest to:

Using this formula

Payback period = Investment required ÷ Annual net cash inflow

Let plug in the formula

Payback period= $343,000 ÷ $107,000 per year Payback period= 3.2 years

Therefore The payback period of the project is closest to:3.2 years


Related Questions

Introduction to the future value of money Aa Aa Under the concepts of the time value of money, you can determine the future value of an amount invested today that will earn a given interest rate over a given amount of time. This technique can be used to calculate the future value of (1) a single receipt or payment made or (2) a series of receipts or payments Dakota and Gabriella are sitting together, with their notebooks and textbooks open, at a coffee shop. They've been reviewing the latest lecture from Dr. Phillips's financial management class by asking each other questions. Today's topic addressed the calculation of future values for both simple and compound interest-earning accounts. Complete the missing information in the conversation that follows. Round your final answer to all computations to two decimal places. However, if you compute any interest factors as an intermediate step in your calculations, round them to four decimal places Dakota So, why is it important to be able to calculate the future value of some amount invested? Gabriella First, remember that the amount invested is usually called and the amount earned during the investment period is called calculate a future value so that you can know in advance what a given amount of principal will be worth after earning a specified It is important to be able to for a known Dakota OK, I understand that, and I know the amount of principal invested today can be called the value of the investment, whereas the amount realized after the passage of t period of value. But what causes the present and future values to be different time is called its values? Gabriella Two things cause the present and future values to be different amounts. First, the earned during the investment period causes the future value to be greater than, equal to, or less than the present value. Second, the method used to calculate the interest earned-that is, whether the account pays amount by which the future value differs from the present value interest-determines the

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So what to do hear what’s the answers

The following represents the probability distribution for the daily demand of microcomputers at a local store. Demand Probability 0 .1 1 .2 2 .3 3 .2 4 .2 The expected daily demand is _____. a. 4 b. 2 c. 2.2 d. 1.0

Answers

Answer:

2.2

Explanation:

to get the expected daily demand we have to multiply each daily demand by their probability  distribution and sum up the results

0 * 0.1 = 0

1 * 0.2 = 0.2

2 * 0.3 = 0.6

3 * 0.2 = 0.6

4 * 0.2 = 0.8

0 + 0.2 + 0.6 + 0.6 +0.8 = 2.2

From this calculation above, the expected daily demand has been summed up to 2.2

what is the present value of $7500 per year, at a discounted rate of 7.1%, of the first payment is received 6 years from now and the last payment is received 25 years from now

Answers

Answer:

PV= $50,981.17

Explanation:

First, we need to calculate the future value at the end of the period:

FV= {A*[(1+i)^n-1]}/i

A= annual payment

FV= {7,500*[(1.071^19) - 1]} / 0.071

FV= $283,234.78

Now, the present value:

PV= FV/(1+i)^n

in this case n=25 years

PV= 283,234.78 / (1.071^25)

PV= $50,981.17

Beard Company sells a product for $15 per unit. The variable cost is $10 per unit, and fixed costs are $1,750,000. Determine (a) the break-even point in sales units and (b) the sales units required for the company to achieve a target profit of $400,000.

Answers

Answer:

a. Contribution margin = Selling price - Variable cost per unit

Contribution margin = $15 - $10

Contribution margin = $5 per unit

Break even point in units = Fixed cost / Contribution margin

Break even point in units = $1,750,000 / $5

Break even point in units = 350,000 units

b. Required sale = Fixed cost + Target profit / Contribution margin

Required sale = $1,750,000 + $400,000 / $5

Required sale = $2,150,000 / $5

Required sale = 430,000 units

When recording variances in a standard cost system: Question 22 options: A. Only unfavorable material variances are debited. B. Only unfavorable material variances are credited. C. Both unfavorable material and labor variances are credited. D. All unfavorable variances are debited. E. All unfavorable variances are credited.

Answers

Answer: D. All unfavorable variances are debited.

Explanation:

When recording variances in a standard cost system, all unfavorable variances are debited.

The reason for this is that it should be noted that the unfavorable variances simply means that there's excess production costs, and hence this will bring about reduction in the operating income. Hence, all unfavorable variances are debited.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

Mandy, an Adlerian group leader is helping group members to realize they have choices in their lives about which stimuli they pay attention to and remember. Mandy is employing which techniques?

Answers

Answer:

Push button

Explanation:

Organisms respond to stimuli in order to survive in their given environment. It is the ability to adjust to different environmental factors that are beneficial or detrimental.

For example a worm reflexively crawls towards moisture or a dog salivating when it perceives food.

Push button shows a person that they have choices in their lives about which stimuli they pay attention to and remember.

In a market economy, decisions about which goods are produced are based on:
A. what businesses believe will generate the most profits.
B. what the government decides is important for society.
C. what the local community has made for generations.
D. what health care organizations suggest will be best for citizens.​

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

i choose a because it just sounds accurate towards me. i don't know anything about business

Products whose demand rises when another product’s price increases are called


substitute goods.
complementary goods.
elastic goods.
clearance goods.

Answers

Answer:

They are called Substitute goods.

The products whose demands rise as described relative to another product are called; Substitute goods.

What are substitute goods?

From the knowledge of microeconomics, two goods are considered substitutes if the products could be used for the same purpose by the consumers. In essence, a consumer perceives both goods as somewhat comparable.

In such cases, having more of one good causes the consumer to desire less of the other good.

Read more on substitute goods;

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3 18.10 International Investment If financial markets are perfectly competitive and the Eurodollar rate is above that offered in the U.S. loan market, you would immediately want to borrow money in the United States and invest it in Eurodollars. True or false

Answers

Answer: False

Explanation:

Based on the information given, the statement that "If financial markets are perfectly competitive and the Eurodollar rate is above that offered in the U.S. loan market, one would borrow money in the United States which will then be invested in Eurodollars is incorrect.

When the financial markets are perfectly competitive, it should be noted that the difference between the Eurodollar rate and the rate in the United States will be as a result of the differences in the government regulations and risk and hence, speculation wont be beneficial. Therefore, the answer is false.

Determine whether each of the following statements is true, false or uncertain, and brieflyjustify your answer (a few sentences). No credit will be given for unsupported answers.1. The optimal tariff for a large open economy is 0.2. Multinational firms are important primarily in labor-intensive industries.3. Horizontal FDI is more likely to occur when trade costs are low but plant-level economiesof scale are high.4. For a small open economy, import tariffs and import quotas have identical effects onprices, welfare, and import levels.5. The median voter theory has been very successful at explaining actual trade policyoutcomes.

Answers

Answer:

1) False

2) Uncertain

3) False

4) False

5) True

Explanation:

1) Optimal tariff for a Large open economy is not zero ( 0 ) and this is because a large open economy has control over interest rates both domestically and in a larger scale, and its engaged in exports and imports trades with other economies of the world. hence its Optimal tariff should be > 0

2) The Importance of Multinational firms primarily in labor-intensive industries is Uncertain because Multinational firms can have a positive effect on labor by providing them with better wages and it can also affect labor negatively by laying off incompetent workers in the long run

3) Horizontal FDI is less likely to occur when the trade costs are low but plant-level economies of scale are high because lower trade costs will lead to a vertical FDI and not horizontal FDI

4) In an open economy the effects of import tariffs and import quotas does not have same effect on prices and import levels .   reduction in import quota reduces import levels while increase in tariffs affects pricing of goods and services

5) True because increase in inequality and a country's endowment been held constant will raise trade barriers in a capital abundant economy and vice versa for less capital abundant economy .

lassical economists argued that A. a flexible interest rate would make saving equal to investment. B. there would always be an excess of saving over investment. C. workers had money illusion. D. excess savings would create unemployment.

Answers

Answer: A. a flexible interest rate would make saving equal to investment.

Explanation:

Classical economists believe in an invisible hand correcting the economy and so to them price, wages and interest rates are flexible.

They believe that when the interest rate is flexible, it will be able to adjust to prevailing market conditions such that it would entice people to save more which would then be invested in the economy thereby making investment equal to savings.

Which of these is a sign that you’re dealing with someone engaged and unfair lending

Answers

Answer:

One of the biggest warning signs of predatory lending is high, three-digit interest rates. For example, rates of 400% APR are typical on payday loans and car title loans. However, some lawmakers seek to cap interest rates at 36% to keep loans affordable for borrowers.

Crossborder, Inc. is considering Project A and Project​ B, which are two mutually exclusive projects with unequal lives. Project A is an eight−year project that has an initial outlay or cost of​ $140,000. Its future cash inflows for years 1 through 8 are the same at​ $36,500. Project B is a six−year project that has an initial outlay or cost of​ $160,000. Its future cash inflows for years 1 through 6 are the same at​ $48,000. Crossborder uses the equivalent annual annuity​ (EAA) method and has a discount rate of​ 13%. Which​ project(s), if​ any, will Crossborder​ accept?

Answers

Answer:

project B

Explanation:

equivalent annual annuity​ (EAA) method  = r(NPV) / [1 - (1/(1 + r)^n)]

Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.  

NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator  

Project A

Cash flow in year 0 =  $-140,000

Cash flow in year 1 - 8 = $36,500

I = 13

NPV =  

35,155.12 7325.86

31,882.39 =

Enterprise Rent-A-Car analyzed and increased their comprehension of how service requests were managed and then made process improvement, bolstering customer experience. What tool did they use? c) New Product Development (NPD) d) Six sigma b) Radical redesign a) Business Process Management (BPM) e) Product life cycle management

Answers

Answer:

a) Business Process Management (BPM)

Explanation:

It is correct to say that Enterprise Rent-A-Car used business process management (BPM) to increase their understanding of how service requests were managed, drive process improvements, and enhance the customer experience.

BPM is an effective and easy-to-implement management tool that helps organizations achieve continuous process improvement, as it provides managers with real business data that enable them to make a more effective decision-making process through data and information generated in an intelligent system, which automates the process of understanding the organizational environment through modeling, simulation, execution, control and correction of bottlenecks found in the processes, so that there is continuous improvement in the processes, increasing quality and increasing the positive results of the organization.

The enterprise must use  Business Process Management (BPM) method for analyzing purposes.    

What is Business Process Management?

BPM is the process that helps in discovering, analyzing, and improving processes of business. It leads to the practice of contentious improvement in activities.

Therefore, it enables the understanding of environment modeling and making corrections in bottlenecks for raising quality standards.

Learn more about management here:

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ABC Corporation uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The Molding Department is the second department in its production process. The data below summarize the department's operations in January.
Units Percent Complete with
Respect to Conversion
Beginning work in process inventory 5,100 70%
Transferred in from the prior department
during January 59,000
Completed and transferred to the next
department during January 56,800
Ending work in process inventory 7,300 40%
The accounting records indicate that the conversion cost that had been assigned to beginning work in process inventory was $34,558 and a total of $559,254 in conversion costs were incurred in the department during January. The cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs for January in the Molding Department is closest to:____.
A) $7.00.
B) $7.50.
C) $7.65.
D) $8.00.

Answers

Answer:

$9.94

Explanation:

Equivalent unit of conversion cost = 56,800 + (7,300*40%)

Equivalent unit of conversion cost = 56,800 + 2,920

Equivalent unit of conversion cost = 59,720 unit

Total cost of conversion = $34,558 + $559,254

Total cost of conversion = $593,812

Cost per equivalent unit of conversion = Total cost of conversion / Equivalent unit of conversion cost

Cost per equivalent unit of conversion = $593,812 / 59,720 units

Cost per equivalent unit of conversion = $9.9432686

Cost per equivalent unit of conversion = $9.94

An employee insured under a group health plan has been paying $25 monthly premium for his group health coverage. The employer has been contributing $75, for the total monthly cost of $100. If the employee leaves the company, what would be his maximum monthly premium for COBRA coverage

Answers

Answer:

$102

Explanation:

Calculation to determine would be his maximum monthly premium for COBRA coverage

Based on the information given The employer will have to obtain a PREMIUM from the employee that was TERMINATED at a rate that is NOT HIGHER THAN 102% of the individual's GROUP PREMIUM RATE.

Hence;

Maximum monthly premium for COBRA coverage= 102% * $100

Maximum monthly premium for COBRA coverage=$102

Therefore would be his maximum monthly premium for COBRA coverage is $102

An electronics company makes communications devices for military contracts. The company just completed two contracts. The navy contract was for 3,380 devices and took 34 workers two weeks (40 hours per week) to complete. The army contract was for 7,480 devices that were produced by 44 workers in three weeks (40 hours per week). a. Calculate the productivity for navy and army contracts in units produced per labor hour.b. On which contract were the workers more productive?

Answers

Answer: See explanation

Explanation:

a. Calculate the productivity for navy and army contracts in units produced per labor hour.

Based on the information given, for the navy contract, the total man hours to make 3380 devices will be:

= 34 × 40 × 2

= 2720 hours

Therefore, the devices per man hour will be:

= 3380/2720

= 1.24 devices per labor hour.

For the army contract, the total man hours to make 7480 devices will be:

= 44 × 40 × 2

= 3520 hours

Therefore, the devices per labor hour will be:

= 7480/3520

= 2.125 devices per labor hour

b. On which contract were the workers more productive?

The workers were more productive on the Army contract as they produced more devices per labor hour.

Wingate Company, a wholesale distributor of electronic equipment, has been experiencing losses for some time, as shown by its most recent monthly contribution format income statement:
Sales $1,638,000
Variable expenses 679,180
Contribution margin 958,820
Fixed expenses 1,055,000
Net operating income (loss) $(96,180)
In an effort to resolve the problem, the company would like to prepare an income statement segmented by division. Accordingly, the Accounting Department has developed the following information:
Division
East Central West
Sales $408,000 $650,000 $580,000
Variable expenses as a
percentage of sales 51% 35% 42%
Traceable fixed expenses $280,000 $333,000 $204,000
Required:
1. Prepare a contribution format income statement segmented by divisions.
2. The Marketing Department has proposed increasing the West Division's monthly advertising by $25,000 based on the belief that it would increase that division's sales by 16%. Assuming these estimates are accurate, how much would the company's net operating income increase (decrease) if the proposal is implemented

Answers

Answer:

Wingate Company

1. Contribution Format

Segmented Income Statement

For the most recent month

                                                 East            Central         West        Total

Sales                                     $408,000   $650,000   $580,000 $1,638,000

Variable expenses as a

percentage of sales              208,080      227,500      243,600      679,180

Contribution margin            $199,920   $422,500    $336,400  $958,820

Traceable fixed expenses $280,000    $333,000   $204,000    $817,000

Non-traceable fixed expenses                                                        238,000

Net income                          ($80,080)     $89,500    $132,400    ($96,180)

2. The company's net operating loss will decrease by $28,824.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

WINGATE COMPANY

Income Statement for the most recent month

Sales                                    $1,638,000

Variable expenses                   679,180

Contribution margin               958,820

Fixed expenses                   1,055,000

Net operating income (loss) $(96,180)

Division

                                                 East            Central         West        Total

Sales                                    $408,000   $650,000   $580,000  $1,638,000

Variable expenses as a

percentage of sales                   51%            35%            42%

Traceable fixed expenses $280,000   $333,000   $204,000     $817,000

Non-traceable fixed expenses                                                        238,000

West Division:

Traceable fixed costs = $229,000 ($204,000 + $25,000)

Sales revenue = $672,800 ($580,000 * 1.16)

Variable expenses = $282,576 ($672,800 *42%)

1. Contribution Format

Segmented Income Statement

For the most recent month

                                                 East            Central         West        Total

Sales                                     $408,000   $650,000   $580,000 $1,638,000

Variable expenses as a

percentage of sales              208,080      227,500      243,600      679,180

Contribution margin            $199,920   $422,500    $336,400  $958,820

Traceable fixed expenses $280,000    $333,000   $204,000    $817,000

Non-traceable fixed expenses                                                        238,000

Net income                          ($80,080)     $89,500    $132,400    ($96,180)

2. Contribution Format

Segmented Income Statement

For the most recent month

                                                 East            Central         West        Total

Sales                                     $408,000   $650,000   $672,800 $1,730,800

Variable expenses as a

percentage of sales              208,080      227,500      282,576       718,156

Contribution margin            $199,920   $422,500    $390,224 $1,012,644

Traceable fixed expenses $280,000    $333,000   $229,000  $842,000

Non-traceable fixed expenses                                                        238,000

Net income                          ($80,080)     $89,500     $161,224   ($67,356)

Decrease in net operating loss = $28,824 ($96,180 - $67,356)

The theory that argue that management should also be concerned about the external environment in which it operates is the

Answers

Answer:

Contemporary theory to Management

Explanation:

The theory that argues that management should also be concerned about the external environment in which it operates is the "Contemporary theory to Management."

Contemporary theory to Management is a form of management theory that describes organization systems as that requires deliberate and careful management that ensures there is a balance between the organizational needs internally while also adapting to the external needs which are environmental-related issues.

One disadvantage to terrorists of using radiological materials in weapons is: Select one: a. numerous difficult steps to assemble device. b. economic impact on affected areas. c. lethal effects depending on type of radiation source. d. the majority of jurisdictions within the United States are unprepared for any type of large incident involving radiological material.

Answers

Answer:  a. numerous difficult steps to assemble device.

Explanation:

Radiological materials are quite cumbersome to assemble and require rare materials whose sale are intensely watched by various intelligence agencies in the world. Coupled with that is the need for very skilled scientists in order to assemble the device.

All these hurdles make it so that terrorists are not able to assemble radiological devices easily which is a good thing because if they could, it would have been used to devastating effect on many parts of the world by now.

Bay City Company’s fixed budget performance report for July follows. The $440,000 budgeted total expenses include $300,000 variable expenses and $140,000 fixed expenses. Actual expenses include $130,000 fixed expenses. Fixed Budget Actual Results Variances Sales (in units) 6,000 4,900 Sales (in dollars) $480,000 $431,200 $48,800 U Total expenses 440,000 406,000 34,000 F Income from operations $40,000 $25,200 $14,800 U Prepare a flexible budget performance report that shows any variances between budgeted results and actual results. List fixed and variable expenses separately.

Answers

Answer:

Bay City Company

Flexible Budget Performance Report:

                                         Flexible Budget    Actual Results    Variances

Sales (in units)                            4,900                4,900

Sales (in dollars)                  $392,000          $431,200        $39,200 F

Total expenses:

Variable expenses                245,000           276,000           31,200 U

Fixed expenses                     140,000            130,000            10,000 F

Total expenses                     385,000           406,000            21,200 U

Income from operations        $7,000           $25,200          $18,200 U

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Variable expenses = $300,000

Fixed expenses =      $140,000

Budgeted total expenses = $440,000

Actual expenses:

Fixed expenses = $130,000

                                         Fixed Budget    Actual Results    Variances

Sales (in units)                            6,000                4,900

Sales (in dollars)                  $480,000          $431,200        $48,800 U

Total expenses                     440,000           406,000           34,000 F

Income from operations      $40,000           $25,200         $14,800 U

Flexing the budgets:

Sales revenue = $392,000 ($480,000/6,000 * 4,900)

Variable expenses = $245,000 ($300,000/6,000 * $4,900)

Actual variable expenses = $276,000 ($406,000 - $130,000)

Write a 200-word summary paragraph on what is meant by diversity of cultures and explain how diversity can effect the relationship between customers and businesses in customer service.​

Answers

200 words is to long

Customer Service Diversity

For 87% of organizations around the world, diversity has become either a declared value or a priority area for their business.

But in addition to being a percentage, it's important to dig a little deeper to see the benefits of having a diverse customer service team. One study found that inclusive companies are 1.7 times more likely to be innovation leaders in the field. In addition, different companies can outperform their competitors by up to 35%.

Let's take a look at seven key ways that diverse customer service departments can help your business's overall health.

How does diversity affect the customer-company relationship in customer service?

Diversity enhances the customer experience

Satisfied employees who understand the importance of inclusivity are able to understand and better serve the public, as they value cultural differences, diverse perspectives and the ability to continuously learn and engage with a variety of cultures.

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Dazzle Inc produces beads for jewelry making use . The following information summarizes production operations for June . The journal entry to record June production activities for overhead allocation is

Answers

Answer:

Missing wordings "Direct materials used $104,000, Direct labor used 177,000, Predetermined overhead rate (based on direct labor) 160 %, Goods transferred to finished goods 449,000, Cost of goods sold 461,000, Credit sales 980,000"

Factory overhead = Direct Labor used * Predetermined Overhead rate

Factory overhead = 177,000 * 160%

Factory overhead = 283,200

Journal Entry                           Debit          Credit

Work in Process Inventory   $283,200

   Factory Overhead                                 $283,200

You purchased a stock at the end of last year at a price of $92. At the end of this year, the stock pays a dividend of $1.60 and you sell the stock for $106. What is your return for the year? Now suppose that dividends are taxed at 15 percent and long-term capital gains (over 11 months) are taxed at 30 percent. What is your aftertax return for the year? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Answers

Answer:

1.69

hope it helps

Explanation:

I have to charge my money back to pay for it my credit is fine now

For each of the goods, classify them according to whether they are rivalrous, nonrivalrous, excludable or nonexcludable. Rivalrous is also referred to as rival in consumption.
a. A sports team t-shirt
b. The air we breath
c. Atlantic Bluefin Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea
d. A toll road in normal traffic

Answers

Answer:

A)A sports team t-shirt:(Rivalrous and Excludable)

B)The air we breath (Nonrivalrous and nonexcludable)

C)Atlantic Bluefin Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea:(Rivalrous and nonexcludable)

D)A toll road in normal traffic:(Nonrivalrous and excludable)

Explanation:

Excludable goods can be regarded as goods whereby there is possibility of preventing consumers that has not paid for that good from accessing it.

Rivalrous goods are types of goods that can only be occupied by a person

there is competition created for their consumption.

Non-excludable goods can be regarded as public goods they are one

which are commonly available within a society for all people. These goods cannot be excluded from certain person.

Non-rivalrous goods can be regarded as public goods whereby the supply of that goods is not affected by consumption of people.

A local ice-cream parlor has 100 customers in the "rush" hour between 5PM and 6PM (assume that the customers arrive according to a uniform distribution, i.e., evenly spread out during the hour). If there are two employees who scoop the ice-cream for the customers, and one more who deals with the payments, then what is the Taktzeit for the ice-cream scoopers?
a- 72 seconds
b- 100 seconds
c- 36 seconds
d- 50 seconds

Answers

Answer: 36 seconds.

Explanation:

Based on the information given in the question, the Taktzeit for the ice-cream scoopers will be calculated thus:

First and foremost, Taktzeit refers to the time taken between the beginning of production for one unit and the beginning of the next unit.

From the information given, the available Time is 1 hour which can be converted to secunds and this will be:

1 hour = 3600 seconds

Hourly Demand = 100

Then, the takzeit will be:

= 3600/100

= 36 seconds

If something happens to alter the quantity supplied at any given price, then a. the supply curve shifts. b. we move along the supply curve. c. the supply curve becomes flatter. d. the supply curve becomes steeper.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

On January 1, 2017, Pennington Corporation purchased 30% of the common shares of Edwards Company for $180,000. During the year, Edwards earned net income of $80,000 and paid dividends of $20,000. Prepare the entries for Pennington to record the purchase and any additional entries related to this investment in Edwards Company in 2017.

Answers

Answer:

Date                Account Title                                    Debit                       Credit

12/31/2017      Equity Investment                         $180,000

                      Cash                                                                              $180,000

Date                Account Title                                    Debit                      Credit

12/31/2017       Cash                                               $6,000

                       Equity Investment                                                           $6,000

Working:

Cash received as dividend = 30% * 20,000 dividend

= $6,000

Date                Account Title                                    Debit                  Credit

12/31/2017       Equity Investments                       $24,000

                       Investment Revenue                                                 $24,000

Working:

Company is entitled to 30% of income:

= 30% * 80,000

= $24,000

How can indirect taxes affect consumer spending​

Answers

Answer:

Indirect tax increases will push up prices, decrease consumption and hence reduce the effects of  negative externalities such as damage to the environment.

Indirect taxes are placed on goods and services that raise the price for the consumer to pay more for the item.

Due to an increase in final prices at which goods and services are passed on to end-users, the consumers would have to settle for lesser quantities. As a result, the consumer would now be able to afford the reduced portion of goods or services with reduced resources than he would have been able to.

Mark Brainliest please

Answer :

Indirect Taxation and Consumer
Indirect taxation is defined as taxation imposed upon others than the person who is intended to bear the final burden. There has been a gradual shift away from direct towards indirect taxes especially in the UK over recent years. Increased indirect taxation has allowed the government to reduce the overall tax burden on income and capital. Both income tax and corporation tax rates have been lowered. Supply-side economists believe that indirect taxes are preferable to direct taxes because they create less of a disincentive to work since employees retain more of what they earn. The argument runs that workers will respond to lower marginal tax rates by expanding the hours they work and raising productivity.
There are two effects from a tax change from direct taxes to indirect taxes; the substitution and the income effect.
1- Substitution effect: when income tax rates are cut the return to working extra hours rises. This means the opportunity cost of leisure time is higher than before.
2- Income effect: when tax rate are reduced, people can earn a particular "target" post-tax income with fewer working hours than before the tax cut. If they regard leisure as a normal good, they may prefer to switch out of work and enjoy more leisure time whilst still earning the same income.
In the comparison between these two effects the results of research are ambiguous, one group where increased indirect taxation and reduced direct taxation might improve incentives are households who affected by the poverty and unemployment traps. People in low paid jobs and the currently unemployed may have little incentive to take paid work or work extra hours if the net financial benefit of doing so is very small. Extra income may be subject to income tax and national insurance and means-tested benefits may be withdrawn as additional income comes in from working. Lower starting rates of income tax may provide a better incentive for low-paid workers to enter the active labor market. The Labor Party has brought in a 10% starting rate of tax and has also introduced the working families' tax credit as part of a strategy to boost the post-tax incomes of families in poorly paid jobs.

Advantages of indirect taxation:

1-One advantage of indirect taxes is that they can be used explicitly to correct for market failure caused by environment damage. Indeed governments across the world are coming to the view that indirect taxes can be used more intensively to meet environmental objectives.
2-The use of indirect taxation is one solution to the problem of externality: the producer or consumer is charged the full social cost and demand will respond accordingly. Environmental economists argue that the most effective way to protect the environment from carbon dioxide and other energy-linked pollutants is to tax the pollute.
Indirect tax increases will push up prices, decrease consumption and hence reduce the effects of negative externalities such as damage to the environment. However, there is a danger that using green taxation to influence demand will damage specific industries. For example, the high rate of taxation on alcohol sold in the UK, as opposed to continental Europe, has badly affected UK drink industries. A huge trade in importing alcohol has grown up, resulting in many jobs being lost in the UK.
Indirect taxation gives the government more control over its use of fiscal policy. In theory, certain indirect taxes can be changed between budgets without parliamentary approval. In contrast, direct taxes can only be changed in the annual budget.
Disadvantages of indirect taxation:
An important argument against indirect taxes is that they tend to be regressive. Since each individual pays the same rate on their purchases, the poor pay a larger proportion of their incomes in indirect taxes (in comparison with direct taxes which tend to be progressive and are seen as more equitable – the proportion of income paid in taxes rises as income rises when a tax is progressive). An example of this in the UK is the high level of duty on tobacco products. Evidence from the Office of National Statistics shows, which the duty on tobacco takes up a much larger percentage of the disposable incomes of lower income groups.

Which one of the following statements is true regarding financial slack? Financial Slack:_________.
a. allows firms to take advantage of good investment opportunities
b. is always associated with high leverage
c. reduces agency problems for the firm
d. increases the need for managers to seek external financing

Answers

I believe its C hope this help
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