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Imagine that you are a natural resource manager at an underground mine. The mine is closing down because its
available minerals have been used up. You are now tasked with developing a plan to close the mine safely and
restore the natural area.
Name three steps your plan must include to successfully complete these tasks. Explain why each of these steps is
important to restoring the natural area,
Hey buddy! I think I can help u with this question!
closing mineMining operations, however expansive and complex, are temporary. Eventually, once the most accessible and valuable materials have been extracted, the mine is closed, and the site must be restored back to its original state. This includes covering up mine entrances, replanting grass and trees, and testing surrounding water, soil, and air for contaminants.
Since 1977 when the U.S. Congress enacted the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, many regulations have been established to ensure mine sites are operated, and any environmental damage is remediated, in a responsible way. The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), for example, is a bureau within the United States Department of the Interior created to address coal mine remediation.
The OSMRE’s mission statement asserts, “Our primary objectives are to ensure that coal mines are operated in a manner that protects citizens and the environment during mining and assures that the land is restored to beneficial use following mining, and to mitigate the effects of past mining by aggressively pursuing reclamation of abandoned coal mines.”
Some of the issues addressed by mine site remediation regulations include:
Acid mine drainage is one of the primary sources of mining-related pollution. Mining activities increase the volume and rate of exposure of sulfur-containing rocks to air and water, creating sulfuric acid and dissolved iron. This acid run-off dissolves heavy metals such as copper, lead and mercury which leach into ground water aquifers and surface water sources, harming humans and wildlife.
Tailings—mineral waste products—are another major pollutant. Because tailings originate in slurry form they are dumped in or near water, contaminating the water and destroying aquatic life. Tailings also can be transported by wind or water to contaminate other areas. Mine wastewater containing metals and chemicals can also leach into nearby waterways. Lab and portable technologies for water analysis can help determine the extent of the pollution.
In addition to physical landscape damage, mining operations create sediment containing heavy metals which settle into surrounding soil, or are carried by wind or water to contaminate rivers or other land areas. These metals aren’t biodegradable so the soil stays contaminated without corrective action.
Chemical analysis of soil and sediment samples at the mine site is an important step in detecting the presence of environmental contaminates that may remain as a result of mining activities. Both Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) are good solutions for this analysis. Handheld XRF instruments provide instantaneous analysis in the field and effectively perform double-duty when used to monitor elemental contaminants at mine sites and in waste streams, in addition to being used for exploration and mining applications. These handheld analyzers are equipped with embedded GPS that can record the coordinates of the exact location of the contamination site as well. Lab-based WDXRF instruments perform accurate quantitative analysis of the vast variety of material, matrix types, and concentrations that must be evaluated in soil and sediment analysis.
Particulate matter (PM) in the air surrounding the mine location is another source of pollution. Dust results from the movement of soil, vehicles traveling over unpaved surfaces, heavy equipment operation, blasting, and wind, which can erode mine tailings piles to create potentially contaminated fugitive dust. Dust inhalation, particularly respirable coal dust, is a serious occupational hazard in the mining industry. Personal and ambient particulate monitoring equipment is used to measure PM to ensure exposure limits are not exceeded.
As it says in the Act, “Coal mining operations presently contribute significantly to the Nation’s energy requirements… and it is, therefore, essential to the national interest to insure the existence of an expanding and economically healthy underground coal mining industry…. [The] surface and underground coal mining operations affect interstate commerce, contribute to the economic well-being, security, and general welfare of the Nation and should be conducted in an environmentally sound manner….[And] the cooperative effort established by this Act is necessary to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental effects of present and future surface coal mining operations.” Read the rest of Section 101 of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977.
Which statement best completes the diagram?
Cause
Effect
?
Laozi argues that
people should find their
own inner peace.
A. Chinese people are too interested in nature.
B. Confucius teaches that inner peace comes from nature.
C. Confucius argues that social order is important.
D. Chinese leaders refuse to promote education.
Answer:
I think A.Chinese people are too interested in nature.
Explanation:
Select the answer that accurately describes why a coastal mountain range has different climates on the windward (wind‑facing) and leeward (wind‑sheltered) sides.
a. Ocean winds become cooler as they travel up the windward slope, causing water vapors to condense as rain. The air is dry when it reaches peak elevations and it becomes warmer as it descends the leeward slope.
b. Ocean winds become cooler as they travel up the windward slope. The humid air becomes warmer as it descends the leeward slope, causing water vapors to condense as rain.
c. Ocean winds become warmer as they travel up the windward slope. The humid air becomes cooler as it descends the leeward slope, causing water vapors to condense as rain.
d. Ocean winds become warmer as they travel up the windward slope, causing water vapors to condense as rain. The air is dry when it reaches peak elevations and it becomes cooler as it descends the leeward slope.
Answer:
Explanation:
they are force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as it moves toward land.
I'm not sure how to explain, I'm sorry! I hope you got your answer though :)
Have a good day!
Select the correct answer from each drop down menu.
A capital city is important because it is the _____ center of a nation. However, a capital city may not be the largest city in its country. For example, New Delhi is the capital of India, while ______, is India’s largest city. Some cities, including _____, in the United States were created specifically to serve as capitals. Other cities, including Beijing, China, became capitals due to their _______.
Is it possible for a totalitarian government to exist under single-party rule?
O A. Yes. In order to maintain such a high level of control, there can be
no room for other political parties.
B. No. Totalitarian governments require absolute freedom of
industry.
C. Yes, as long as there is direct democracy.
D. No. A totalitarian government requires multiple parties to
participate.
Answer: A. Yes. In order to maintain such a high level of control, there can be no room for other political parties.
Explanation:
Most often than not, totalitarian states need to have only one party in the country in order to enforce their will without official opposition parties occupying positions in the nation's legislative and making it harder for the governing party to enforce its will.
And even if those parties do not occupy positions, they could be very vocal to the point of bringing attention to the ruling party's injustices. Restricting other political parties would therefore allow the ruling party to have total power without worrying about "meddlesome" opposition parties.
Reyka is studying the effects of high humidity on fungal growth. The best
location for her to conduct her experiments would be
of the
Himalayas.
A. South
B. East
C. North
D. West
what structures found on the seafloor are evidence of continental plates moving apart over time
1. oceanic trenches
2. mid-ocean ridges
3. magma cones
4. rift valleys
Answer:
Mid ocean ridges. They have evidence showing that the closer the rock is to the ridge, the younger it is proving that it's pushing it away.
Explanation:
Help pls!
Which of the following is considered a Pull Factor?
Overpopulation
Political Persecution
Environmental Degradation
Economic Opportunities
Write the basic and simplified form of energy system in the atmosphere
Answer:
Energy is transferred from the sun to Earth via electromagnetic waves, or radiation. Most of the energy that passes through the upper atmosphere and reaches Earth's surface is in two forms, visible and infrared light. The majority of this light is in the visible spectrum.
QUESTION 4
During fermentation, Yeast break down sugar producing.
A. water, alcohol and heat.
B water, carbon dioxide and heat.
c. Carbon dioxide, water and alcohol
D. alcohol carbon dioxide and energy.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
IN YOUR OWN WORD. (ESSAY)
-identify the key players of MICE industry and their importance.
PLSSS HELP MEE:<
no sending links
Answer:
market size
Explanation:
what is the definition of river
Answer:
water flowing
Explanation:
water flows and that is what you would call a river
Question 8 of 20
What kinds of things are you more likely to observe in a rural setting than in
the city?
Check all that apply.
A. Cultural mixing
B. Violent crime
C. A slower pace
D. A wider selection of goods and services
Answer:
A slower pace
Explanation:
<3
cultural mixing...
Select the choice below that best describes the role of volatiles in an ascending magma.
A) Volatiles increase the rate of crystallization in intrusive structures.
B) Volatiles will force the magma to contract as it rises.
C) Volatiles will shatter surrounding rocks, making it easier for the magma to rise.
D) Volatiles will expand with decreasing pressure, carrying the melt upward.
Answer: Volatiles will expand with decreasing pressure, carrying the melt upward
Explanation:
Volatile refers to the gases which are dissolved in a magma. Examples of volatile include CO2, H2O and SO2.
The role of volatiles in an ascending magma is that the volatiles will expand with decreasing pressure, carrying the melt upward. Therefore, the correct option is D
is the most spoken
Spanish is the most common language spoken in Latin America, however,
language in Brazil.
10 quốc gia có diện tích lãnh thổ lớn nhất
The top ten largest countries, in square kilometers
Today, one of Mexico City’s greatest technological challenges is
Answer:
Despite unprecedented macroeconomic stability, which has caused inflation and interest rates to drop to record lows while per capita incomes have increased, there are still huge disparities between people living in urban and rural areas, between states north and south, rich and poor.[13] The government is currently facing a number of challenges, including upgrading infrastructure, modernizing tax systems and labor laws, and reducing income inequality.
Explanation:
Which country is categorized as semi-periphery?
A)
Australia
B)
Canada
C)
India
D)
Japan
Answer:
Answer is C, hopes this helps
Explanation:
India is considered a Semi-Peripheral country
How do the governments of South Africa and Sudan differ?
A. Sudan is an authoritarian regime, while South Africa is a
democracy
B. Sudan is a democracy, while South Africa is an authoritarian
regime.
C. South African is an authoritarian regime, while Sudan is a
traditional monarchy
D. South Africa is a democracy, while Sudan is a traditional
monarchy
Answer:
A. Sudan is an authoritarian regime, while South Africa is a democracy
Explanation:
South Africa is a democracy. I’m not so sure about Sudan, but I think it is an authoritarian regime. So the best answer is A, because I know Sudan is not a traditional monarchy.
what is global sawend
Answer:
Global Sound (SGS) is the digital archive project of the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage (SCFCH), launched in 2005 by Smithsonian Folkways, the nonprofit record label of the Smithsonian Institution.
A new sports car would be an example of:
A need
A want
Scarcity
A consumer
A new sports car would be an example of a want.
In economical terms, what is a consumer want?A want is anything that is desired. It is claimed that everyone has a limitless number of desires but only a limited number of resources are available to us. As a result, individuals cannot have everything they desire and must seek out the most cost-effective options.
A consumer's wants often represent preferred preferences for particular solutions to meet a requirement. As a result, individuals frequently desire certain items, brands, or services that meet their demands in a specific way.
A want is anything that will enhance your living experience and level of happiness. In economic terms, wants may be described as an individual's insatiable desire to own items or services that provide fulfillment.
Therefore, we can conclude that owning a new sports car would be an example of a want.
Learn more about consumer wants here:
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Which of the following statements about weather satellites is false?
A.
Weather satellites can help to prevent storms from occurring.
B.
Weather satellites can help people to prepare for storms.
C.
Weather satellites allow meteorologists to track and study storms.
D.
Weather satellites collect data about Earth’s surface and atmosphere.
Answer: A. Weather satellites can help to prevent storms from occurring.
Explanation:
Although weather satellites can help predict when storms are about to occur, they can not stop storms from happening.
Which of the following best explains why many African countries struggle
economically?
A. The countries encourage free trade with other nations.
B. The countries have export-oriented economic systems.
C. The countries import too many goods from other countries,
D. The countries have restricted trade with other African nations.
Answer:
D. The countries have restricted trade with other African nations
Cote d'Ivoire is a country in West Africa. The name translates to the Ivory Coast in English. Why do you think
the country has a French name?
Answer:
It was a French colony
Explanation:
Although discovered first by the Portuguese, the French were the ones who colonized and controlled the Ivory Coast, so therefore the name is French. To this day many Ivory Coast natives speak French or have French accents.
Which of the following is not a result of the geographic proximity of two or more groups of people?
A.
the long life expectancy that developed in Japan
B.
the strong trade and cultural relationships that formed in Europe
C.
the conquering of the Indian subcontinent by different societies
D.
the spread of Islam through southern Europe and the Middle East
Answer:
the answer is B ............
1) Find the area of the shape below. Round your answer to the nearest tenth 16 cm
Answer:
151.3 cm²
Explanation:
The shape is composed of a semicircle and a rectangle
Area of the shape = area of the semicircle + area of the rectangle
Area of the shape = ½(πr²) + L*W
r = ½(16 - 6) = ½(10) = 5 cm
L = 16 cm
W = 7 cm
Plug in the values
Area of the shape = ½(π*5²) + 16*7
Area = 39.27 + 112
Area = 151.3 cm² (nearest tenth)
What is the equation, in point-slope form, of the line that is parallel to the given line and passes through the point (4.1)? (-3, 3) 2 Oy-1=-2(x - 4) Oy-1=-{(x-4) Oy-1 = {(x - 4) Sy Oy - 1 = 2(x - 4)
Answer:
A. y - 1 = -2(x - 4)
Explanation:
Recall that parallel lines have the same slope value.
Thus, the first step is to find the slope of the line given.
✔️Slope of the line that runs through (-3, 3) and (-2, 1):
slope (m) = change in y/change in x
Slope (m) = (1 - 3)/(-2 -(-3)) = -2/1
Slope (m) = -2
The slope (m) of the line that is parallel to the given line would also be -2.
✔️The slope of the line that is parallel to the given line which goes through the point (4, 1) can be written in point-slope form, y - b = m(x - a). Where,
(a, b) = (4, 1)
m = -2
Substitute the values into the equation
The equation of the parallel line would be:
y - 1 = -2(x - 4)
Describe the various settings in which metamorphic rocks are formed and explain the links between plate tectonics and metamorphism corese hero.
metamorphic rock are the rock which are formed when igneous rock and sedimentary rock change from one form to another form due to more heat and pressure. long time exposure of heat and pressure on the sedimentary rock and igneous rock changes them from one form to another form and metamorphic rocks get form
describe two ways in which the above law protects citizens against human rights violation
Answer:
The law protects citizens against human right violations in the following ways: ... Protection of Human Rights Act 1993: declares the rights pertaining to life, equality, liberty,and dignity of an individual that is guaranteed by the Constitution of India
Explanation:
thank me later
.
2
State two importance of Rivers to the economic
development of Ghana.
Answer:
river is a large natural flow of water. On the other hand, a lake is a large area of water surrounded by land. In Ghana, there are different lakes and rivers of which all serve one purpose or the other. We have rivers like The Volta River, Bia, Tano, Ankobra and Pra, Ochi-Nawuka, Ochi Amissah, Ayensu, Densu and Tordzie rivers, etc. It must be emphasized that these water resources play a very significant role in the economy of the Ghana. So therefore, it is very needful for us to know what Ghana really gain from these rivers and how it continues in a long run to boost the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Ghana. Some of these of importance can be seen in the areas of the transportation of goods and passengers, Source of food and its aid in agricultural production through its irrigation abilities, Source of minerals, Source of employment, ability to boost the revenue of the government, generation of foreign exchange ear, and hydro-electric power generation. Firstly, the rivers and lakes in Ghana are a huge resource for food (which mostly comes in fishes) and facilitators of the agricultural sector also. About 8,000 tons of fishes are caught every year inland which helps decrease the import of fish for consumption. There are about 18 species of fish in the Densu including the Weija reservoir with Tilapia and mud fish being the most commonly fished species. The rivers and lakes inland are the major source of fish during closed fishing seasons at the coast. These fishes can also be exported outside the country which generates income for the nation and helps develop the economy. These water bodies also serves irrigation purposes to farmers and other agricultural producers. There will be no need for the usage of national resources to create irrigation dams when there are natural water bodies which can serve such a purpose. This helps in saving the country some money for other relevant projects. As these water bodies provide irrigation for agricultural producers, definitely it will increase crop yield and agricultural production even during dry seasons, and this will decrease the import of crops and other foodstuffs during these periods. And as it decreases imports, inflation will be checked and the currency will appreciate in value. Some basins of rivers like Pra contains most of the large cocoa growing areas in the Eastern, Ashanti and Central regions. Food cropping is more and more commercialized especially around the medium and large settlement and along the major river axes.
